本日學習課程簡介:RAID,LVM,ip配置,
磁盤列陣
RAID 即爲「Redundant Array of Independent Drives」或「Redundant Array of Inexpensive Drives (or Disks)」的簡寫,一般俗稱「磁盤陣列」,就是以兩臺或更多的硬盤,組成一個或增加傳輸速度,或增大總容量,或增加文件備份的大磁盤。
NO RAID
正常的數據存儲,一但磁盤損壞,數據丟失,無任何安全性
RAID0
將數據平均分散在所有硬盤內,傳輸速度快,但一臺硬盤故障數據全部損毀。
優點:磁盤空間增大
缺點:無法保證數據安全性,一臺故障,整個磁盤陣列全部損毀
RAID1
將數據同時存放於數組中的每一臺硬盤中
優點:安全性能高
缺點:性能無提高,成本高
RAID5
將數據分散在所有硬盤內,但同時具有能夠還原數據的容錯信息,因此傳輸速度也會變快,總容量較大,可容許一臺硬盤故障。
優點:容量增大,性能提升,有適當的故障容許程度
缺點:建置成本高,若兩臺硬盤故障,整個磁盤陣列中數據損毀
RAID 0+1
RAID 0 和 RAID 1的組合
先做RAID 0 在做RAID1
RAID 0+1是先把硬盤分成2組,每組的2臺硬盤先構成RAID 0,再讓兩組RAID 0構成鏡像的RAID 1
配置
關閉服務
[root@prod ~]# service iptables stop [root@prod ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@prod ~]# chkconfig NetworkManager off [root@prod ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
配置ip
[root@prod ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 HWADDR=00:0C:29:BC:8B:03 TYPE=Ethernet UUID=419ff445-a4a1-4231-8f12-d758f46148c7 ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=no #BOOTPROTO=dhcp IPADDR=192.168.23.22 NETMACK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.23.1
[root@prod ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=prod GAETGAY=192.168.23.1
[root@prod ~]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.23.1 prod .us.oracle.com prod
重啓網服務
[root@prod ~]# service network restart
LVM基本術語
PV:是物理的磁盤分區
VG:LVM中的物理的磁盤分區,也就是PV,必須加入VG,可以將VG理解爲一個倉庫或者是幾個大的硬盤。
LV:也就是從VG中劃分的邏輯分區
如下圖所示PV、VG、LV三者關係:
Linux LVM硬盤管理及LVM擴容
創建pv
[root@prod ~]# fdisk -l
[root@prod ~]# pvcreate /dev/sd Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created
[root@prod ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name VolumeGroup01 PV Size 99.80 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 25549 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 25549 PV UUID 4DgD1d-p6LR-ZZ3H-SzA1-askJ-ZQvV-cdr3MK "/dev/sdb" is a new physical volume of "20.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb VG Name PV Size 20.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID stXQjd-4oAo-O29R-0735-lHIo-Rh5E-kJfaN3
創建vg
[root@prod ~]# vgcreate VolumeGroup01 /dev/sdb Volume group "VolumeGroup01" successfully created
[root@prod ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VolumeGroup01 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 20.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 5119 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 5119 / 20.00 GiB VG UUID stk3yP-NcT3-dHh3-O3z0-KjGv-gqvg-UjT7Fx --- Volume group --- VG Name VolumeGroup01 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 99.80 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 25549 Alloc PE / Size 25549 / 99.80 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID mPL02J-912C-LK7M-00nz-50wB-Fm3f-5lxfmm
創建LV
創建了一個名字爲LogVo100 ,容量大小是2048M的分區,其中:-L:指定LV的大小 -n:指定LV的名。Vo1Group01:表示從這個VG中劃分LV;
[root@prod ~]# lvcreate -L 2048M -n LogVo100 VolumeGroup01 Logical volume "LogVo100" created
LV格式化及掛載
(使用mksf進行格式化操作),然後LV才能存儲資料
[root@prod ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/VolumeGroup01/LogVo100 mke2fs 1.43-WIP (20-Jun-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 131072 inodes, 524288 blocks 26214 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912 16 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@prod ~]# mount /dev/VolumeGroup01/LogVo100 /111
測試及掛載
[root@enmoedu ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_enmoedu-LogVol01 91G 5.7G 80G 7% / tmpfs 2.0G 72K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 190M 55M 126M 31% /boot /dev/mapper/VolumeGroup01-LogVo100 2.0G 3.0M 1.9G 1% /111
如果要在系統啓動的時候啓動LV,最好是將lvData寫入fstable 文件中
使用Vim編輯器,打開/etc/fstab,在最後一行添加/dev/VolumeGroup01/LogVo100 /111 ext4 defaults 0 0,其中/dev/VolumeGroup01/LogVo100 指定需要掛載的分區LV,/111 指定要掛載的目錄(掛載點),ext4分區文件系統格式,最後數字表示啓動是否檢查0代表不檢查,其它使用默認即可