Ubuntu下Nvidia显卡驱动安装

1. 下载显卡驱动

到 Nvidia官网 查询自己的显卡驱动，下载。

2. 禁用 nouveau

• 新建文件 blacklist-nouveau.conf：

  sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf
  

• 往文件中写入以下内容并保存文件。

  blacklist nouveau
  blacklist lbm-nouveau
  options nouveau modeset=0
  alias nouveau off
  alias lbm-nouveau off
  

• 使配置生效：

  sudo update-initramfs -u
  

• 重启电脑。

• 执行以下命令，如果没有任何输出则证明禁用nouveau成功。

  lsmod | grep nouveau
  

3. 关闭图形界面

sudo service lightdm stop

以上命令会关闭图形界面，等屏幕变黑后，按 Ctrl-Alt+F1 进入命令行界面，输入用户名和密码登录。

4. 安装驱动

• 进入驱动所在的目录。

• 给文件加上权限：

  sudo chmod a+x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-430.50.run
  

• 开始安装：

  sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-430.50.run –no-opengl-files  # 参数不可省略
  

• 如果有旧版本的驱动，会提示你要不要继续，继续会卸载旧版本。然后后面的选项基本都是选“No”，直到安装完成。

• 重启电脑。

5. 测试

• 开启图形界面：

  sudo service lightdm start
  

• 在终端输入：

  $ nvidia-smi
  

  比如我的会显示如下：

  Fri Sep 20 10:26:16 2019       
  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | NVIDIA-SMI 430.50       Driver Version: 430.50       CUDA Version: 10.1     |
  |-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
  | GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
  | Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
  |===============================+======================+======================|
  |   0  TITAN Xp            Off  | 00000000:01:00.0  On |                  N/A |
  | 23%   34C    P8    13W / 250W |    204MiB / 12194MiB |     14%      Default |
  +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                 
  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
  |  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
  |=============================================================================|
  |    0       971      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                           202MiB |
  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  

  证明安装成功。

6. 安装CUDA

参见博客：Ubuntu 多版本 CUDA 共存

7. 测试CUDA

• 进入Sample目录：

  cd /usr/local/cuda-10.0/samples/1_Utilities/deviceQuery
  

• 编译：

  sudo make
  

• 运行：

  ./deviceQuery
  

• 我的输出：

  ./deviceQuery Starting...
  
   CUDA Device Query (Runtime API) version (CUDART static linking)
  
  Detected 1 CUDA Capable device(s)
  
  Device 0: "TITAN Xp"
    CUDA Driver Version / Runtime Version          10.1 / 10.0
    CUDA Capability Major/Minor version number:    6.1
    Total amount of global memory:                 12195 MBytes (12787122176 bytes)
    (30) Multiprocessors, (128) CUDA Cores/MP:     3840 CUDA Cores
    GPU Max Clock rate:                            1582 MHz (1.58 GHz)
    Memory Clock rate:                             5705 Mhz
    Memory Bus Width:                              384-bit
    L2 Cache Size:                                 3145728 bytes
    Maximum Texture Dimension Size (x,y,z)         1D=(131072), 2D=(131072, 65536), 3D=(16384, 16384, 16384)
    Maximum Layered 1D Texture Size, (num) layers  1D=(32768), 2048 layers
    Maximum Layered 2D Texture Size, (num) layers  2D=(32768, 32768), 2048 layers
    Total amount of constant memory:               65536 bytes
    Total amount of shared memory per block:       49152 bytes
    Total number of registers available per block: 65536
    Warp size:                                     32
    Maximum number of threads per multiprocessor:  2048
    Maximum number of threads per block:           1024
    Max dimension size of a thread block (x,y,z): (1024, 1024, 64)
    Max dimension size of a grid size    (x,y,z): (2147483647, 65535, 65535)
    Maximum memory pitch:                          2147483647 bytes
    Texture alignment:                             512 bytes
    Concurrent copy and kernel execution:          Yes with 2 copy engine(s)
    Run time limit on kernels:                     Yes
    Integrated GPU sharing Host Memory:            No
    Support host page-locked memory mapping:       Yes
    Alignment requirement for Surfaces:            Yes
    Device has ECC support:                        Disabled
    Device supports Unified Addressing (UVA):      Yes
    Device supports Compute Preemption:            Yes
    Supports Cooperative Kernel Launch:            Yes
    Supports MultiDevice Co-op Kernel Launch:      Yes
    Device PCI Domain ID / Bus ID / location ID:   0 / 1 / 0
    Compute Mode:
       < Default (multiple host threads can use ::cudaSetDevice() with device simultaneously) >
  
  deviceQuery, CUDA Driver = CUDART, CUDA Driver Version = 10.1, CUDA Runtime Version = 10.0, NumDevs = 1
  Result = PASS
  

  重点在最后一行的 Result = PASS 。

• 然后同样的：

  cd ../bandwidthTest
  sudo make
  ./bandwidthTest
  

  输出：

  [CUDA Bandwidth Test] - Starting...
  Running on...
  
   Device 0: TITAN Xp
   Quick Mode
  
   Host to Device Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
   PINNED Memory Transfers
     Transfer Size (Bytes)	Bandwidth(MB/s)
     33554432			12395.1
  
   Device to Host Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
   PINNED Memory Transfers
     Transfer Size (Bytes)	Bandwidth(MB/s)
     33554432			12824.5
  
   Device to Device Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
   PINNED Memory Transfers
     Transfer Size (Bytes)	Bandwidth(MB/s)
     33554432			416472.7
  
  Result = PASS
  

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参考博客：

• ubuntu升级显卡驱动
• Ubuntu安装NVIDA显卡驱动
• Ubuntu 多版本 CUDA 共存