Pairs Forming LCM(素因子分解+lcm)

題意：在a,b中(a,b<=n)(1 ≤ n ≤ 10¹⁴),有多少組(a,b)  (a<b)滿足lcm(a,b)==n;

 MY NEW BLOG

先來看個知識點：

素因子分解：n = p1 ^ e1 * p2 ^ e2 *..........*pn ^ en

for i in range(1,n):

        ei 從0取到ei的所有組合

必能包含所有n的因子。

現在取n的兩個因子a,b

a=p1 ^ a1 * p2 ^ a2 *..........*pn ^ an

b=p1 ^ b1 * p2 ^ b2 *..........*pn ^ bn

gcd(a,b)=p1 ^ min(a1,b1) * p2 ^ min(a2,b2) *..........*pn ^ min(an,bn)

lcm(a,b)=p1 ^ max(a1,b1) * p2 ^ max(a2,b2) *..........*pn ^ max(an,bn)

哈哈，又多了種求gcd,lcm的方法。

 

題解：

先對n素因子分解，n = p1 ^ e1 * p2 ^ e2 *..........*pk ^ ek，

lcm(a,b)=p1 ^ max(a1,b1) * p2 ^ max(a2,b2) *..........*pk ^ max(ak,bk)

所以，當lcm(a,b)==n時，max(a1,b1)==e1,max(a2,b2)==e2,…max(ak,bk)==ek

當ai == ei時，bi可取 [0, ei] 中的所有數  有 ei+1 種情況，bi==ei時同理。

那麼就有2(ei+1)種取法,但是當ai = bi = ei 時有重複，所以取法數爲2(ei+1)-1=2*ei+1。
除了 (n, n) 所有的情況都出現了兩次  那麼滿足a<=b的有 (2*ei + 1)) / 2 + 1 個

 

 

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int N=1e7+5;
const int NN=1e6;
unsigned int prime[NN],cnt;           //prime[N]會MLE
bool vis[N];

void is_prime()
{
    cnt=0;
    memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
    for(int i=2;i<N;i++)
    {
        if(!vis[i])
        {
            prime[cnt++]=i;
            for(int j=i+i;j<N;j+=i)
            {
                vis[j]=1;
            }
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    is_prime();
    int t;
    cin>>t;
    for(int kase=1;kase<=t;kase++)
    {
        LL n;
        cin>>n;
        int ans=1;
        for(int i=0;i<cnt&&prime[i]*prime[i]<=n;i++)
        {
            if(n%prime[i]==0)
            {
                int e=0;
                while(n%prime[i]==0)
                {
                    n/=prime[i];
                    e++;
                }
                ans*=(2*e+1);
            }
        }
        if(n>1)
            ans*=(2*1+1);
        printf("Case %d: %d\n",kase,(ans+1)/2);
    }
}

Pairs Forming LCM

Time Limit:2000MS     Memory Limit:32768KB     64bit IO Format:%lld & %llu

Submit Status

Description

Find the result of the following code:

long long pairsFormLCM( int n ) {
long long res = 0;
for( int i = 1; i <= n; i++ )
for( int j = i; j <= n; j++ )
if( lcm(i, j) == n ) res++; // lcm means least common multiple
return res;
}

A straight forward implementation of the code may time out. If you analyze the code, you will find that the code actually counts the number of pairs(i, j) for which lcm(i, j) = n and (i ≤ j).

Input

Input starts with an integer T (≤ 200), denoting the number of test cases.

Each case starts with a line containing an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10¹⁴).

Output

For each case, print the case number and the value returned by the function 'pairsFormLCM(n)'.

Sample Input

15

2

3

4

6

8

10

12

15

18

20

21

24

25

27

29

Sample Output

Case 1: 2

Case 2: 2

Case 3: 3

Case 4: 5

Case 5: 4

Case 6: 5

Case 7: 8

Case 8: 5

Case 9: 8

Case 10: 8

Case 11: 5

Case 12: 11

Case 13: 3

Case 14: 4

Case 15: 2