CONTENTS
1 NS-3概述
ns-3 is a discrete-event network simulator for Internet systems, targeted primarily for research and educational use. ns-3 is free software, licensed under the GNU GPLv2 license, and is publicly available for research, development, and use.ns-3是用於因特網系統的離散事件網絡模擬器,主要用於研究和教育用途。ns-3是免費軟件,根據GNU GPLv2許可證授權,可公開用於研究,開發和使用。
介紹完NS-3的用途接下來就是安裝教程啦~
注意:本實驗所有操作通過虛擬機直接進入root用戶進行操作,默認所有操作都在root權限下進行。
2 平臺安裝
2.1 安裝ns-3的依賴環境
yum install gcc-c++ python
yum install python-devel
yum install mercurial
yum install doxygen graphviz ImageMagick
yum install python-sphinx dia texlive texlive-latex
yum install openmpi openmpi-devel
yum install tcpdump wireshark
yum install sqlite sqlite-devel
yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel
yum install boost-devel
yum install graphviz graphviz-devel python-setuptools-devel ipython
sudo easy_install pygraphviz
yum install goocanvas pygtk2-devel
Then obtain the RPM for pygoocanvas andpygoocanvas-devel from here: http://li.nux.ro/download/nux/dextop/el6/x86_64/
在上面網址下載pygoocanvas-0.14.1-3.el6.nux.x86_64.rpm和pygoocanvas-devel-0.14.1-3.el6.nux.x86_64.rpm,放入/root/packages文件夾中,用rpm進行安裝時要在包前加上文件路徑。
rpm -ivh /root/packages/pygoocanvas-0.14.1-3.el6.nux.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh /root/packages/pygoocanvas-devel-0.14.1-3.el6.nux.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
yum install git
yum install gsl gsl-devel
yum install gtk2 gtk2-devel
yum install gdb valgrind
2.2 Downloading ns-3
創建文件夾:[root@localhost ~]# mkdir tarballs
進入tarballs:[root@localhost ~]# cd tarballs
聯網下載: [root@localhost tarballs]# wget http://www.nsnam.org/releases/ns-allinone-3.21.tar.bz2
解壓:[root@localhost tarballs]# tar jxvf ns-allinone-3.21.tar.bz2
進入ns-allinone-3.21:[root@localhost tarballs]# cd ns-allinone-3.21
構建安裝:[root@localhost ns-allinone-3.21]# ./build.py
進入ns-3.21:[root@localhost ns-allinone-3.21]# cd ns-3.21
使用waf編譯安裝,使用test.py測試,運行腳本測試:
[root@localhost ns-3.21]# ./test.py
[root@localhost ns-3.21]# ./waf distclean
[root@localhost ns-3.21]# ./waf --build-profile=debug --enable-examples --enable-tests configure
[root@localhost ns-3.21]# ./waf
[root@localhost ns-3.21]# ./test.py -c core
[root@localhost ns-3.21]# ./waf --hello-simulator
通過以上代碼和部分壓縮吧可以搭建好ns-3.21的環境,接下來是安裝eclipse。
3 Eclipse配置
3.1 安裝Eclipse
(1)測試一下是否已安裝jdk:# java -version
一般centos7已經安裝jdk 8.0,如果沒安裝,在root用戶下,輸入命令yum install java
(2)下載eclipse:# wget http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/eclipse/technology/epp/downloads/release/luna/SR2/eclipse-jee-luna-SR2-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz
(3)新建一個eclipse文件夾保存下載壓縮包:
# mkdir eclipse
# mv /root/eclipse-jee-luna-SR2-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz /root/eclipse
(4)將eclipse壓縮包解壓到/opt目錄下:
# cd eclipse
# tar -zxvf eclipse-jee-luna-SR2-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz -C/opt
(5)建立軟連接(等同於快捷方式):
# ln -s /opt/eclipse/eclipse /usr/bin/eclipse
(6)爲 Eclipse 設置桌面啓動:
# vim /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop
並在文件中添加如下內容:
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Eclipse 4.4.1
Comment=Eclipse Luna
Exec=/usr/bin/eclipse
con=/opt/eclipse/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Development;Java;IDE
:wq保存退出
(7)Eclipse安裝完成,可在應用程序——編程中查看
3.2 安裝cdt
(1)打開 eclipse ,點擊 help-Install new software
點擊Add
Nmae:cdt
Location:http://download.eclipse.org/tools/cdt/releases/kepler
點擊ok後,再點擊右下方next按照需要選擇組件繼續向下安裝即可。
3.3 配置
(1)新建一個C++Project,我將其name命名爲homework,這個項目的路徑是:/root/workspace/homework
將/root/tarballs/ns-allinone-3.21/ns-3.21目錄下的所有文件,全部複製到homework目錄中,在eclipse中刷新構建該項目。
(2)進入ns-3.21目錄,執行waf配置:
# cd /root/tarballs/ns-allinone-3.21/ns-3.21
# ./waf --build-profile=debug --enable-examples --enable-tests configure
(3)回到eclipse,右擊項目homework,選擇properties,點擊C/C++ build
Build command欄中改寫爲:${workspace_loc:/homework/waf}
Build directory欄中改寫爲:${workspace_loc:/homework/build}
點擊上方的behaviour,將all改爲build
點擊apply,ok完成應用設置。
(4)右擊homework項目,選擇debug as --> debug configure --> 選擇C/C++ application
修改C/C++ Application:build/scratch/scratch-simulator
再選Environment,添加如下信息:
Variable:LD_LIBRARY_PATH
Value:${workspace_loc:/homework/build}
(5)運行scratch文件夾下的scratch-simulator.cc,運行結果如下圖所示:
至此,eclips配置成功。
4 腳本運行
4.1 終端編譯運行
(1)將編寫的腳本(first.cc和second.cc)複製到/root/tarballs/ns-allinone-3.21/ns-3.21/scratch目錄下,可以在centos7窗口界面直接複製;然後,進入ns3目錄:# cd /root/tarballs/ns-allinone-3.21/ns-3.21
(2)構建(編譯):# ./waf
(3)運行腳本
運行first.cc腳本:# ./waf --run scratch/first
運行second.cc腳本:# ./waf --run scratch/second
4.2 Eclipse編譯運行
(1)將編寫的腳本(first.cc和second.cc)複製到/root/workspace/homework/scratch目錄下,刷新構建該工程。
(2)右擊homework項目,選擇debug as --> debug configure --> 選擇C/C++ application
修改C/C++ Application:build/scratch/first
然後點擊apply應用於該項目。
(3)打開first.cc文件,運行可的如下結果:
5 可視化界面
PyViz是一個用Python開發的在線ns-3可視化工具,不需要使用trace文件
5.1 PyViz安裝
(1)首先需要檢查機器上是否有epel倉庫,因爲會用到裏面的一些包。如果有結果則從(2)開始向下進行,如果無顯示則表明本機無epel倉庫需要繼續執行後續操作。
檢查epel倉庫:# rpm -qa | grep epel
安裝epel:# yum -y install epel-release
查看倉庫信息:# yum repolist
(2)安裝該模塊依賴的軟件包
# yum install python-devel gnome-python2 gnome-python2-gnomedesktop gnome-python2-rsvg graphviz-python pygoocanvas python-kiwi graphviz-devel
(紅色字體的包我沒有在yum,epel源中找到,暫時不知是否會對以後操作有影響,所以暫且擱置。做完回來發現這三個包即使沒有找到未安裝,最後的可視化界面也能出來,還是沒有搞懂,我還是自己再研究研究吧。)
# yum install python
# yum install ipython
# yum install mock
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mockbuild
# yum install cmake glibc-devel glibc-devel
# easy_install pygraphviz
(3)下載pyviz
pyviz下載網址:http://code.nsnam.org/gjc/
# tar -xzvf ns-3-pyviz-d26a12d3ebb8.tar.gz
解壓後將文件夾放在/root/tarballs/ns-allinone-3.21/ns-3.21/目錄下,再重新編譯如下命令:
# ./waf clean
# ./waf --build-profile=debug --enable-examples --enable-tests configure
(4)用如下命令可以測試是否安裝成功:
# ./waf --pyrun src/flow-monitor/examples/wifi-olsr-flowmon.py --visualize
若安裝成功則會出現下圖:
5.2 PyViz使用
(1)修改腳本
首先,到/root/tarballs/ns-allinone-3.21/ns-3.21/scratch找到first.cc和second.cc;
然後,雙擊打開這兩個腳本,看文件中是否有以下兩句,如果沒有則添加到兩文件的指定位置:
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse(argc,argv);
(2)運行腳本顯示可視化圖像
# ./waf --run scratch/first --vis
# ./waf --run scratch/second --vis
6 總結
拖拖拉拉好長時間終於將NS-3的總體框架搭建成功了~希望對大家的學習有所幫助,有問題可以評論,我會盡力幫大家解決噠~
That is all.
7 附錄
7.1 first.cc
/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation;
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
//Include頭文件
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
//使用ns3 namespace(無需使用ns3::)
using namespace ns3;
//定義一個log模塊
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("FirstScriptExample");
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse(argc,argv);
Time::SetResolution (Time::NS);
//Enable兩個log模塊,將在收到和發出數據包後輸出log消息
LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoClientApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoServerApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
//NodeContainer:便於我們創建、管理和訪問Node對象
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (2);
//幫助我們配置和連接PointToPointNetDevice和PointToPointChannel
//將Device的數據發送速率設爲5Mbps
//將Channel的時延設爲2ms
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));
//使用helper的Install方法在每個節點上創建一個pointToPointNetDevice,
//保存在NetDeviceContainer中,並且還創建了一個PointToPointChannel
NetDeviceContainer devices;
devices = pointToPoint.Install (nodes);
//在兩個node上安裝協議棧(IP、TCP、UDP等)
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (nodes);
//管理和分配IPv4地址
//在Device上依次綁定IP地址,10.1.1.1開始,直到10.1.1.254,產生網絡接口(interface)
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign (devices);
//UdpEchoServerApplication和UdpEchoClientApplication
//創建一個工作在端口9的echoServer
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
//使用Install方法將Application安裝在#1的Node上
//Application在第1秒開始運行,在第10秒停止
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (nodes.Get (1));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
//指定對端的地址和端口、指定最大發包數、發包間隔、大小
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (interfaces.GetAddress (1), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (1024));
//使用Install方法在節點0創建echoClient
//第2秒開始、第10秒停止
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (nodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
//執行仿真
//按照事件的時序,從第0到第10秒執行
//使用Destroy清理,資源回收
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
7.2 second.cc
/* -*- Mode:C++; c-file-style:"gnu"; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*- */
/*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation;
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/csma-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-global-routing-helper.h"
// Default Network Topology
//
// 10.1.1.0
// n0 -------------- n1 n2 n3 n4
// point-to-point | | | |
// ================
// LAN 10.1.2.0
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("SecondScriptExample");
int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
bool verbose = true;
uint32_t nCsma = 3;
//命令行參數,允許用戶指定腳本運行時的參數
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.AddValue ("nCsma", "Number of \"extra\" CSMA nodes/devices", nCsma);
cmd.AddValue ("verbose", "Tell echo applications to log if true", verbose);
cmd.Parse (argc,argv);
//根據用戶命令行參數,啓用Logging
if (verbose)
{
LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoClientApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
LogComponentEnable ("UdpEchoServerApplication", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
}
//個數爲1或nCsma
nCsma = nCsma == 0 ? 1 : nCsma;
/**************開始定義網絡拓撲***************/
//兩個p2p節點:n0和n1
NodeContainer p2pNodes;
p2pNodes.Create (2);
//nCsma個CSMA節點
NodeContainer csmaNodes;
csmaNodes.Add (p2pNodes.Get (1));
csmaNodes.Create (nCsma);
//P2P鏈路屬性
PointToPointHelper pointToPoint;
pointToPoint.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
pointToPoint.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));
NetDeviceContainer p2pDevices;
p2pDevices = pointToPoint.Install (p2pNodes);
//總線網絡屬性
CsmaHelper csma;
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("100Mbps"));
csma.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", TimeValue (NanoSeconds (6560)));
NetDeviceContainer csmaDevices;
csmaDevices = csma.Install (csmaNodes);
//安裝協議棧
InternetStackHelper stack;
stack.Install (p2pNodes.Get (0));
stack.Install (csmaNodes);
//分配IP地址
Ipv4AddressHelper address;
address.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0"); //p2p網段
Ipv4InterfaceContainer p2pInterfaces;
p2pInterfaces = address.Assign (p2pDevices);
address.SetBase ("10.1.2.0", "255.255.255.0"); //總線網段
Ipv4InterfaceContainer csmaInterfaces;
csmaInterfaces = address.Assign (csmaDevices);
/**************網絡拓撲定義結束***************/
/**************應用程序開始***************/
UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer (9);
//服務器在最後一個節點上
ApplicationContainer serverApps = echoServer.Install (csmaNodes.Get (nCsma));
serverApps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
serverApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient (csmaInterfaces.GetAddress (nCsma), 9);
echoClient.SetAttribute ("MaxPackets", UintegerValue (1));
echoClient.SetAttribute ("Interval", TimeValue (Seconds (1.0)));
echoClient.SetAttribute ("PacketSize", UintegerValue (1024));
//客戶端在n0
ApplicationContainer clientApps = echoClient.Install (p2pNodes.Get (0));
clientApps.Start (Seconds (2.0));
clientApps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));
/**************應用程序結束***************/
//根據節點產生的鏈路通告爲每個節點建立路由信息
Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables ();
//開啓pcap跟蹤,生成以"second"爲前綴的文件名
pointToPoint.EnablePcapAll ("second");
csma.EnablePcap ("second", csmaDevices.Get (1), true);
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
8 參考資料
ns-3手冊:https://www.nsnam.org/wiki/Installation#CentOS
Centos7下安裝配置NS3:https://wenku.baidu.com/view/3670a2ba3086bceb19e8b8f67c1cfad6185fe970.html
NS_3--PyViz:https://blog.csdn.net/wuzhiwuweisun/article/details/79790041
9 版權聲明
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