@查看虚拟机
virsh list 查看运行的虚拟机
virsh list --all 查看所有定义了的虚拟机，包括没有运行的
说明：在所有需要名称作为参数的virsh命令中，可以用ID号代替虚拟机的名称，但ID号是不固定的，每次启动虚拟机会改变，并且只有运行中的虚拟机有ID。
ps -ef | grep -v grep | grep qemu 查看当前Qemu进程。
说明：每个虚拟机都是一个Qemu进程，当虚拟机遇到问题无法关闭时，可以通过kill的方式干掉它。
@virt-manager打开管理控制台
@virsh命令创建、启动、关机、销毁虚拟机
(定义) virsh define <vmname>.xml -> 如果xml文件不在当前路径下，xml文件要写全路径
(启动) virsh start <vmname> -> <vmname>为虚拟机xml配置文件中虚拟机的名字<name>vm001</name>
(停止) virsh shutdown <vmname> -> 此方法为正常关机方法，需要一段才能关机
(下电) virsh destroy <vmname> -> 此方法为暴力下电，虚拟机立即关闭
(删除) virsh undefine <vmname> -> 关闭了的虚拟机，只是不在运行状态而已，通过virsh undefine xxx就能从virsh列表里面将其删除，undefine命令不会删除镜像文件和xml文件。运行状态的虚拟机是不能删除的。
(临时起虚拟机) virsh create <vmname>.xml -> 此方法为方便开发调试等临时需求，不会持久化，虚拟机关机后就消失了，不推荐生产系统使用。
(设置虚拟机跟随系统自启) virsh autostart <vmname>
(关闭虚拟机自启) virsh autostart --disable <vmname>
[例] virsh相关命令举例
1）virsh list 查看运行的虚拟机
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
8 vm002 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
[root@localhost ~]#
2）virsh list --all 查看所有定义了的虚拟机
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
8 vm002 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
[root@localhost ~]#
3）virsh shutdown <vmname> 正常关机方法，需要一段时间才能关机
[root@localhost ~]# virsh shutdown vm002
Domain vm002 is being shutdown
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
- vm002 shut off
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
[root@localhost ~]#
4）virsh start <vmname> 启动虚拟机，其中vmname是xml配置文件中虚拟机的名字<name>vm001</name>
[root@localhost ~]# virsh start vm002
Domain vm002 started
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
11 vm002 running
[root@localhost ~]#
5）virsh destroy <vmname> 暴力下电，虚拟机立即关闭
[root@localhost ~]# virsh destroy vm002
Domain vm002 destroyed
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
- vm002 shut off
[root@localhost ~]# virsh start vm002
Domain vm002 started
[root@localhost ~]#
5）关闭了的虚拟机，只是不在运行状态而已，通过virsh undefine <vmname> 将其从virsh列表中删除
说明：undefine命令不会删除镜像文件和xml文件，不会删除运行状态的虚拟机
[root@localhost ~]# virsh undefine vm002
Domain vm002 has been undefined
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
12 vm002 running
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
12 vm002 running
[root@localhost ~]# virsh shutdown vm002
Domain vm002 is being shutdown
[root@localhost ~]# virsh undefine vm002
error: failed to get domain 'vm002'
error: Domain not found: no domain with matching name 'vm002'
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
[root@localhost ~]#
6）virsh create <vmname>.xml 该方法创建虚拟机不会持久化，关机后就消失了，不推荐生产系统使用
[root@localhost ~]# virsh create vm002.xml
Domain vm002 created from vm002.xml
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
13 vm002 running
[root@localhost ~]# virsh shutdown vm002.xml
error: failed to get domain 'vm002.xml'
error: Domain not found: no domain with matching name 'vm002.xml'
[root@localhost ~]# virsh destroy vm002.xml
error: failed to get domain 'vm002.xml'
error: Domain not found: no domain with matching name 'vm002.xml'
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
13 vm002 running
[root@localhost ~]# virsh undefine vm002
error: Failed to undefine domain vm002
error: Requested operation is not valid: cannot undefine transient domain
[root@localhost ~]# ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host '10.123.123.123 (10.123.123.123)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:N9O+aFQrSPZvdkYyuLBXY9d169fXKYBEDZm3TXYVeSM.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:04:92:1a:95:9c:96:00:11:42:12:33:94:6f:b8:a3:e4.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.123.123.123' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Tue Jun 16 11:22:17 2020
[root@vm002 ~]# shutdown -h now
Connection to 10.123.123.123 closed by remote host.
Connection to 10.123.123.123 closed.
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
[root@localhost ~]#
7）virsh define <vmname>.xml 创建虚拟机，如果xml文件不在当前路径下，要写全路径
[root@localhost ~]# virsh define vm002.xml
Domain vm002 defined from vm002.xml
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
- vm002 shut off
[root@localhost ~]# virsh start vm002
Domain vm002 started
[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
3 vm001 running
9 vm003 running
10 vm004 running
14 vm002 running
[root@localhost ~]#
@KVM删除虚拟机具体步骤
virsh list 查看要删除的虚拟机
virsh destroy <vm to del> 强制停止虚拟机
virsh undefine <vm to del> 删除虚拟机
updatedb 更新当前文件
locate <vm to del> 查找包含要删除虚拟机的所有内容
rm -rf xxx 删除相关虚拟机的一切内容
updatedb 更新当前文件
locate <vm to del> 确保要删除虚拟机的相关文件彻底删除
@虚拟机XML文件
<!-- kvm guest 定义开始 -->
<domain type='kvm'>
<!-- guest的short name，由字母和数字组成，不能包含空格 -->
<name>vm001</name>
<!-- uuid，由命令行工具 uuidgen生成 -->
<uuid>8ef72578-ca8a-4bd9-a6c4-ec4d5af7e770</uuid>
<!-- 在不reboot guest的情况下，guset可以使用的最大内存，以KB为单位 -->
<memory unit='KiB'>24576000</memory>
<!-- uguest启动时内存，可以通过virsh setmem来调整内存，但不能大于最大可使用内存。 -->
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>24576000</currentMemory>
<!-- 分配的虚拟cpu -->
<vcpu placement='static'>4</vcpu>
<!-- 关于OS，架构: i686、x86_64; machine: 宿主机的操作系统
boot:指定启动设备，可以重复多行，指定不同的值，作为一个启动设备列表。 -->
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<!-- 处理器特性 -->
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
</features>
<cpu mode='host-model' check='partial'>
<model fallback='allow'/>
</cpu>
<clock offset='utc'>
<timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
<timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
<timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
</clock>
<!-- 定义了在kvm环境中power off、reboot、crash时的默认动作分别为destroy和restart。
其它允许的动作包括： preserve，rename-restart。 -->
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<pm>
<suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
<suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
</pm>
<!-- 设备定义开始 -->
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
<!-- 用于kvm存储的文件。使用qemu-img命令创建该文件，kvm image的默认目录为：/var/lib/libvirt/images/-->
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
<source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm001.qcow2'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x7'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
<master startport='0'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
<master startport='2'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
<master startport='4'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
<controller type='ide' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
</controller>
<!-- 使用网桥类型，确保每个kvm guest的mac地址唯一 -->
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='00:50:56:00:00:0b'/>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<model type='e1000'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='52:54:00:7d:af:4c'/>
<source bridge='br0'/>
<model type='e1000'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<serial type='pty'>
<target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
<model name='isa-serial'/>
</target>
</serial>
<console type='pty'>
<target type='serial' port='0'/>
</console>
<channel type='spicevmc'>
<target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0'/>
<address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
</channel>
<input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
<address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
</input>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='spice' autoport='yes'>
<listen type='address'/>
<image compression='off'/>
</graphics>
<sound model='ich6'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</sound>
<video>
<model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
<address type='usb' bus='0' port='2'/>
</redirdev>
<redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
<address type='usb' bus='0' port='3'/>
</redirdev>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x09' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
</domain>
创建启动虚拟机后可以找到以下文件
[root@localhost ~]# locate vm001
/etc/libvirt/qemu/vm001.xml
/var/vm001
/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm001.qcow2
/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/domain-9-vm001
/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/domain-9-vm001
/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/domain-9-vm001/monitor.sock
/var/log/libvirt/qemu/vm001.log
[root@localhost ~]#
@关于网卡类型
参考：KVM虚拟机网络配置 Bridge方式，NAT方式 https://blog.csdn.net/hzhsan/article/details/44098537/
ovirt几种网卡（e1000, rtl8139,virtio）https://blog.csdn.net/gyunling/article/details/104748662/
CentOS 7下的KVM网卡配置为千兆网卡 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_33961829/article/details/86265094
@virt-install
参考：virt-install命令---详解 https://www.cnblogs.com/saryli/p/11827903.html
@virt-clone
参考：CentOS7.1 KVM虚拟化之虚拟机克隆 https://blog.csdn.net/hnhuangyiyang/article/details/50885755
关于kvm虚拟机的克隆方法总结 https://www.cnblogs.com/5201351/p/4461000.html
参考资料:
virsh常用命令 https://blog.csdn.net/jiahaojie1984/article/details/23425695
KVM虚拟机的xml配置文件 https://blog.csdn.net/liukuan73/article/details/46049579