2021，期待已久的蘋果VR眼鏡可能真的要來了

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年也許是蘋果 AR 眼鏡的一年。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"期待已久的蘋果增強現實眼鏡，搭載了擡頭顯示器、攝像頭、慣性傳感器和激光雷達，可能會改變遊戲規則。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/f2\/51\/f259d7962dcb13d786b14842bef46251.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果並不是便攜式音樂播放器的發明者，但我想問，在 iPad 出現前，大約 50 種數碼音樂設備中，哪一種是蘋果發明的？蘋果也不是智能手機的發明者，它只是製造出第一款能讓人們連夜排隊購買的手機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，蘋果並非首家發佈增強現實（AR）眼鏡的公司，該產品利用內置的傳感器、處理器和顯示器將所見的世界的信息疊加起來。2013 年，谷歌推出了自己的產品，但是，它所引發的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/blog\/buzz\/whatever-happened-google-glass-141852","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爭議和批評"}]},{"type":"text","text":"多於收入。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最近，Magic Leap 承諾要提供“漂浮的大象”文件共享服務。而愛普生一直在悄悄銷售其"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/epson.com\/moverio-augmented-reality-smart-glasses-visitor-experiences","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Moverio"}]},{"type":"text","text":"AR 眼鏡，用於一些小衆應用，比如爲影院觀衆提供閉合字幕，爲無人機操作員提供視頻監控，同時避開消費市場。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"問題在於，雖然它們具有突破性，但沒有一個能成功地將增強現實技術應用於能夠吸引普通人的舒適、實用、實惠的眼鏡上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如今，蘋果來了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多年來，蘋果一直在爲 AR 和虛擬現實（VR）技術申請專利，收購相關的初創公司，並從噴氣推進實驗室、Magic Leap、Oculus 等公司聘請 AR 專家。這家公司已經在這片土地上耕耘了很長一段時間，而這片土地上的果實什麼時候能結果，多年來一直被人猜測。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然自 2015 年前後推出 AR 產品以來，蘋果公司一直謹慎地掩蓋自己的努力，但有跡象表明，像一位傳奇的蘋果泄密者"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.tomsguide.com\/news\/apple-glasses-are-sleek-as-hell-and-could-launch-sooner-than-you-think","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所說的"}]},{"type":"text","text":"那樣，蘋果很可能將在今年 3 月份揭幕。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於蘋果來說，這是個大項目。部分分析人員認爲，蘋果的市場規模將在"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/mobile-augmented-reality-market-174800140.html","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"未來五年內從 76 億美元增長到 295 億美元"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，這將爲蘋果帶來跳躍式增長。據報道，蘋果公司大約有"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-06-19\/apple-team-working-on-vr-and-ar-headset-and-ar-glasses","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1000 人"}]},{"type":"text","text":"從事這一工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分析人士 Benedict Evans 表示，經過幾年的設計努力，這些工程師現在可能已經完成了幾十個原型。Evans 同時還是一位頗具影響力的技術通訊作者。用不了多久，我們就會看到，蘋果是否能夠像便攜式音樂播放器、智能手機和智能手錶一樣，爲 AR 眼鏡做些事情。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"麻省理工學院媒體實驗室研究員，Ambient Devices 前首席執行官 David Rose 說，“這是一個所有 AR 社區都在等待的臨界點。AR 眼鏡在學習、導航，以及簡單地讓別人通過你的眼睛看到事物方面有着如此廣闊的前景。其用途令人歎爲觀止。你可以通過建築師或城市規劃師的眼睛來看一座城市；瞭解一個地方的歷史；看某樣東西是如何被製造出來的；或者你所看到的風景在未來如何變得更可持續。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年 5 月，YouTube 頻道“"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/FrontPageTech","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"頭版科技"}]},{"type":"text","text":"”（Front Page Tech）的主持人"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.macrumors.com\/2020\/05\/19\/apple-glasses-price-prescription-lenses-rumors\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Jon Prosser"}]},{"type":"text","text":"曾表示，2021 年發佈蘋果眼鏡的消息可能會在 2021 年 3 月的發佈會上發佈。Prosser 是以報道蘋果和其他公司的泄密爲業的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據他估計，蘋果眼鏡的規格爲：雙目顯示器、手勢控制系統，價格爲 500 美元。其他專家"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.macrumors.com\/roundup\/apple-glasses\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"也提出了"}]},{"type":"text","text":"不同的發佈日期和規格。但是，2021 仍然是最流行的一年，至少在揭幕時是這樣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/93\/b8\/93b2e5c06b7c67d62653b3ebe273d6b8.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/23\/6b\/234dbfbdyy524228c4bb2d38c0a8076b.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/aa\/83\/aa7e987150e3a2c9c18839c96873a283.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"早期的產品：上圖依次是微軟、Magic Leap 和愛普生已經在小衆市場銷售的 AR 眼鏡，但沒有一款產品具有廣泛的吸引力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果的第一代 AR 眼鏡裏面會搭載哪些技術？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"它取決於蘋果選擇提供什麼樣的體驗，這主要取決於兩個可能性。其中之一就是簡單的用文字或者圖標的方式顯示在配戴者面前的東西，文字或者圖標出現在視野的一角，並且實際上是附着在眼鏡上的。換言之，文字不會隨着你頭部的轉動而變化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一種可能性是放置數據或圖形，使其看起來與環境中的對象或人相連接或覆蓋。在這種設定下，當你轉動頭部時，數據會像物體一樣移動到你的視野之外，新的數據也會出現，並且與進入視野的新物體相關聯。後者較難實現，但更符合人們對 AR 的期望。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Evans 押注於第二種選擇。他指出，如果他們只是想做一個擡頭顯示器的話，他們可能只需要花 100 美元就能做到。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Evans 沒有猜測蘋果是否會在 2021 年或者更晚的時候推出 AR 眼鏡，但是他說，當他們推出 AR 眼鏡時，不會像 Magic Leap 或 HoloLens 一樣，以原型機的身份，或者以小型市場爲目標進行試驗。“蘋果銷售的東西，他們認爲正常的人都會買。這將會是一種消費品，價格將與大衆市場相當。還有些東西需要進一步開發，但不會是 2000 美元，重達 3 公斤。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Evans 預計，首批眼鏡將包括眼球追蹤功能，這樣眼鏡就可以判斷更廣闊視野的哪一部分吸引了用戶的注意力，同時還會有慣性傳感器來監控頭部的運動。頭部手勢很可能是界面的一部分，並且它很可能帶有激光雷達傳感器，這使得眼鏡能夠爲佩戴者繪製周圍環境的深度圖。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，蘋果最頂級的平板電腦和手機 iPad Pro、iPhone 12 Pro 都集成了激光雷達，用於跟蹤運動並計算場景中物體的距離。Evans 說，iPad 中的激光雷達顯然是眼鏡的構件之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Evans 說，關於這種眼鏡的顯示效果，有個很大的問題，那就是它是否將採用一種新的方式來呈現日光下可見的圖像。迄今爲止，最常用的方法是使用 microLED 將圖像投影到玻璃上；在日光條件下，該方法要求將添加的圖形限制爲最亮的顏色。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.macrumors.com\/2020\/10\/22\/apple-glasses-sony-oled-microdisplays\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近來有傳聞說"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，蘋果將使用"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.sony-semicon.co.jp\/e\/products\/microdisplay\/oled\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Sony 的 OLED 微型顯示器"}]},{"type":"text","text":"作爲投影儀圖像來源。不過，但麻省理工學院的 Rose 說，儘管 OLED 顯示屏的亮度令人印象深刻，但要在日光下顯示全光譜的顏色仍然是一個挑戰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這款眼鏡將包括一個可視光攝像頭或兩個攝像頭，用於收集人物和地點的圖像進行分析。由於谷歌眼鏡遭到強烈反對，這款相機的主要功能並非錄製視頻，因此它幾乎無法實現。取而代之的是，攝像機只是用來讓軟件知道佩戴者所看到的，從而提供上下文信息。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/14\/72\/1420c5cf19808447f45eaa094e75fc72.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/b1\/62\/b1642316ff1f4e301a05346b5b367762.jpg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果專利堆積如山：衆多專利申請表明，蘋果多年來一直致力於研發 AR 眼鏡的技術構件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rose 說，蘋果將努力避免使用視頻攝像頭之類的字眼。他們會把它叫做全光譜傳感器。作爲一個用例，生活記錄已經成爲我們社會相當厭惡的事情。如果存儲視頻片段的選項確實存在，Rose 認爲，蘋果可能會設計這款眼鏡，在視頻或靜態圖像被錄製時，會對觀察者發出明顯的警告。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"至少對於這第一代眼鏡來說，數據處理普遍預計會在用戶的手機上進行。不然的話，Rose 說，“對電池的要求就太高了”。而板外處理意味着設計師們不必擔心散熱問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋果會給這款小玩意起什麼名字呢？Prosser 說的是“眼鏡”；考慮到"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/mashable.com\/2013\/05\/05\/snl-google-glass-parody\/","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌眼鏡成了許多笑話的主題"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，其他人隻字未提。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分析師 Evans 表示，蘋果是否會在 2021 年推出 AR 眼鏡，以及這款產品是否會取得成功，都是個問題。“在蘋果公司，誰的工作是看着這個產品說‘這是垃圾’或‘這不是垃圾’？過去是喬布斯。然後是 Jonathan Ive。現在誰會看着 86 版或 118 版說，‘是的，現在這樣很好。就是這樣！’？”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"作者簡介："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Tekla S. Perry，居住在加利福尼亞州帕羅奧圖，IEEE 高級編輯。30 多年來一直報道硅谷的新聞和事件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"原文鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/consumer-electronics\/gadgets\/this-is-the-year-for-apples-ar-glassesmaybe"}]}]}