“杀死”CentOS ，替代品 Rocky Linux 8.5 发布

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，Rocky Linux 团队宣布推出 Rocky Linux 8.5，此版本的主要更新之一是首次支持安全启动，且可用于 x86_64 和 aarch64 (ARM) 架构。Rocky Linux 的诞生旨在将 CentOS 延续下去，对此，创始人 Rocky LinuxGregory M. Kurtzer 表示：“Rocky Linux 是一个社区企业操作系统，该操作系统与 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 100％ 兼容。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rocky Linux 8.5 新特性"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"支持安全启动"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rocky Linux 8.5 引入了一项重要功能，即支持安全启动。这也是 Rocky Linux 的第一个版本，其中包含官方 Rocky Linux 签名的安全启动垫片，但用户需要对其进行验证以确保其正确激活。因此，开发人员要求用户在安装 Rocky Linux 8.5 后运行一些命令："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"sudo dnf install -y keyutilssudo keyctl show %:.platformsudo mokutil --sb"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"新模块"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此版本还带来了新模块："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ruby 3.0nginx 1.20Node.js 16"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更新组件"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此版本带来了来自 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.5 版本的更新组件，包括 ：GCC 11、LLVM 12.0.1、Rust 1.54.0、Go 1.16 .7、PHP 7.4.19、Squid 4.15、Mutt 2.0.7、OpenJDK 11.0.13 和 8.0.312 等。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最快的镜像"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rocky Linux 8.5 版本切换到 FastestMirror DNF 插件，为用户提供网络安装过程中最快的镜像，这意味着在使用仅启动媒体时不再需要 URL 存储库。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除此之外，Rocky Linux 8.5 继承了 RHEL 8.5 的许多新功能和增强功能，例如增强的 Cockpit Web 控制台、更好地支持容器化应用程序、新系统角色、对 NTP 的网络时间安全 (NTS) 支持以及对 OpenJDK 17 的支持。现有的 Rocky Linux 8.4 用户安装更新可输入命令行：$ sudo dnf -y upgrade。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rocky Linux 8.5 发行说明：https:\/\/docs.rockylinux.org\/release_notes\/8.5\/#secure-bootRocky Linux 8.5 下载地址：https:\/\/rockylinux.org\/download\/"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"停止维护 CentOS 引开发者不满"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 12 月 CentOS 官网正式宣布，将停止维护 CentOS，并将更多资金和人力投入到 CentOS Stream 中。原定于支持到 2029 年 5 月份的 CentOS 8 将于 2021 年12 月31 日寿终正寝。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然而，此消息一出便引发了广大开发者的强烈不满。具体为何呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们需要了解到，Red Hat Enterprise Linux（RHEL）是Red Hat开发的一款商业Linux发行版，它提供了服务器版和桌面版。Red Hat在Linux发行版上有两个主要的社区项目：Fedora 和CentOS。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多年来，Fedora一直充当RHEL的上游。这意味着新功能和更改先出现在Fedora中，其中一些功能和更改会加入到下一个版本的 RHEL 中。另一方面，CentOS 是下游社区项目，RHEL引入的任何更改也将添加到 CentOS 中，因此 CentOS 向来有最稳定的发行版之称，在开发者群体中口碑非常高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019年9月，Red Hat 宣布了 CentOS Stream，它是 CentOS 的滚动发行版本，介于 Fedora Linux 的上游开发和 RHEL 的下游开发之间而存在，当官方明确表示未来不会再发布由 RHEL 代码编译而成的 CentOS后，意味着 CentOS Stream 先行，稳定之后再发布 RHEL，所以不难理解众多开发者对这个决策的不满。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rocky Linux：从RHEL分支而来的全新社区企业操作系统"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为了应对这种情况，CentOS 创始人 Gregory Kurtzer 在 Github 上发起新项目 Rocky Linux，Kurtzer 解释起名 “Rocky” 是为了纪念一位曾经与自己一起创立 CentOS 的伙伴 Rocky McGaugh，遗憾的是 Rocky 没能看到 CentOS 所取得的成功，所以 Kurtzer 想以这样的方式来缅怀曾经的战友。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kurtzer 表示，CentOS 以前是作为上游供应商的下游构建而存在的（它在上游供应商之后接收补丁和更新），给开发者提供了稳定的 Linux 版本，而它未来将转移到上游构建（包含为上游供应商测试补丁和更新）。并且，官方对 CentOS Linux 8 的支持已从 2029 年 5 月 31 日缩短到 2021 年 12 月 31 日。这一切都与社区所期望的发展方向背道而驰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"对于 Rocky Linux 的发展方向，Kurtzer 称，Rocky Linux 并不会像一些开发者建议的那样改走 Debian 或其他稳定的 Linux 发行版路线，而是坚持像曾经的 CentOS 那样，继续做为 RHEL 的下游构建。项目团队的目标是让开发者能够继续用到稳定版的 CentOS。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"后 CentOS 时代，openEuler能否扛起大旗？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Red Hat 对 CentOS 发行策略的改变，使得众多在生产环境中使用 CentOS 作为服务器系统的公司和开发者不得不寻找 CentOS 替代品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但从目前的形势来看，当前 CentOS 的替代方案更多来自于国外的团队，对于国内很多需要从 CentOS 迁移到其他服务器系统的厂商来说，仍然存在受限的隐患，在这种情况下，国内二次开发的 CentOS 下游版本无疑成为选择之一，其中一个项目可以重点关注："}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"openEuler"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"openEuler 是华为的 Linux 发行版，2019年开源，现在托管在 Gitee 上。官方表示 openEuler也是面向全球的操作系统开源社区，通过社区合作，打造创新平台，构建支持多处理器架构、统一和开放的操作系统，推动软硬件应用生态繁荣发展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019 年 12 月 31 日，openEuler 开源代码上线；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 3 月 27 日，openEuler 开源社区正式发布 openEuler LTS 20.03（Long Term Support）版本，这标志着 openEuler 已经有了成熟的规模商用能力；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021年11 月 9 日，华为携手社区全体伙伴共同将openEuler正式捐赠给开放原子开源基金会，这意味着，openEuler 自 2019 年年底开源后将进入新的运营阶段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"尽管openEuler 发展迅猛，但是不可否认，其仍处于项目初期，未来能否替代 CentOS 还需要时间验证。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"参考链接：https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/11\/16\/alma_and_rocky_linux_release\/"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}