今天你內捲了嗎？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"什麼是內卷？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"內卷化並不是一個新詞，它來源於上世紀 60 年代末，是由一個名叫利福德·蓋爾茨的美國人類文化學家提出來的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當時，蓋爾茨在風景秀麗的爪哇島進行考察，他潛心研究當地的農耕生活，發現那裏土地資源有限，而且還缺乏資本，再加上行政性障礙，使得勞動力只能不斷地投入到有限的水稻生產中。用犁耙鬆土，用鐮刀收割，日復一日，年復一年。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雖然當地人的原生態農業維持住了田園景色，但卻沒有什麼實際性的發展，只是長期停留在一種簡單重複、沒有進步的輪迴狀態。於是，他就把這種現象稱之爲“內卷化”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一開始，內卷化的概念只是應用在農業領域，後來，被廣泛應用到了政治、經濟、社會、文化及其他學術研究中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如，很多學者會用內卷化這個詞來分析清朝經濟，認爲清朝衰敗的背後，正是因爲陷入了內卷化困境中。清朝沒有引入西方先進的科學技術，不是因爲看不到這些技術的價值，而是受當時的社會情況所限，被過載的人口和落後的生產力所裹挾，有大量的廉價勞動力可以用，誰還會革新技術？如果貿然引進西方科學技術的話，還會引發社會變革，即便這個變革長期是有益的，大家也不願意冒那個險。在這樣的大環境下，廉價勞動力週而復始地投入到生產中，看似一切都在正常向前，但實際只是在原地踏步。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"內卷化這個概念也可以延伸到一個行業、一個組織，甚至是一個人的身上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一個企業，看起來沒啥發展，但也沒有垮掉，每年就是重複自己，這種狀態就是內卷。原來叫農業內卷化，現在一個組織、一個學術單位也可能落入內卷化的僵持狀態。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種內卷讓組織的反脆弱性很差，一旦黑天鵝降臨，就會徹底垮掉。今年這種現象太常見了，一茬茬的企業倒下去。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在一種環境裏待久了，每天就是重複自己，上班，下班，朝九晚五。我在用友軟件園那段時間就是這樣，後來特別恐慌，感覺每天就是重複自己，無論是工作還是生活，我覺得再重複下去，是沒辦法說服自己的，於是後來去錘子，想創業來了極客邦，終於做了自己想做的產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"每天上下班正常的工作，並不一定是內卷。同樣是忙忙碌碌，爲什麼有的人成長得特別快，能力迅速提升？有的人卻始終在原地徘徊，甚至能力在倒退？很可能，你的忙碌只是內卷化忙碌。看似很充實，但實際只是停留在了沒有成長的重複狀態中，低水平循環，停滯不前。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"知乎上有個問題說：程序員未來會成爲非常內卷的職業麼？獲得一萬多個點讚的回答是：不用未來，就現在，從加班文化看，程序員早已是一個高度內卷化的職業。答主認爲，在互聯網公司加班還沒有成爲文化以前，程序員之間的競爭更多的是創意和效率，是智力和能力的競爭。但當加班形成一種文化，高強度的勞動不僅會摧毀人的健康，還直接縮短了程序員的職業壽命，使中年危機成爲程序員無法逃避的宿命。另一方面，當所有企業都學習加班文化，企業之間的競爭格局將回到同一起點，各公司比拼的還是創意和效率。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這種觀點當然是偏頗的。因爲創意和加班並沒有邏輯關係。最終一個企業能否勝出，拼的還是創意和企業產品價值。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"退一萬步講，即使整個行業都陷入了內卷化，那爲啥還是有那麼多優秀的公司和人冒尖兒呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最終還是需要向內尋找答案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"每隔一段時間，我就會問自己，是不是陷在了重複的舒適圈裏，不願意跳出來，不願意做出改變。日常自省，就很難陷入內卷化的怪圈。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"每個人，每天起牀後都會做同一件事。 他們告訴自己，總有一天要改變自己的生活，可沒人付諸行動。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"你會改變自己嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與其說內卷化是某個行業、某個人的問題，不如說是大家的共性問題。它和年齡、起點沒太大關係，重要的是，自己的選擇。它決定了你成長的大方向，也決定了你是否能走出自己的圍城。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"週末雞湯一碗，別燙着。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}