OPPO发布首颗自研NPU芯片：历时3年研发，算力比肩苹果

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自研 NPU 芯片，可能只是一个开始。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OPPO 发布首颗自研 NPU 芯片"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 12 月 14 日举行的 OPPO 未来科技大会 2021 上，OPPO 正式发布首颗自研 NPU 芯片马里亚纳 MariSilicon X。据 OPPO 创始人兼首席执行官陈明永介绍，该芯片经过 3 年研发，是由 OPPO 第一个自主设计、自主研发的影像专用 NPU 芯片。据悉，OPPO Find X 的下一代新品将首发搭载马里亚纳 X 芯片，并将在 2022 年第一季度发布，正式开启旗舰手机的通用平台+影像专用 NPU 的双芯时代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/d0\/b8\/d032bee521bdb64ce307cf01c2eb22b8.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据介绍，马里亚纳 X 采用了目前芯片行业相当先进的台积电 6nm 制程工艺，其 AI 计算单元 MariNeuro 完全由 OPPO 自研，采用 AI 芯片的新黄金架构——DSA 架构，实现了专芯专用，专注于解决用户关注的影像质量问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"算力方面，马里亚纳 X 的 AI 算力最高可达到 18TOPs，也就是每秒\/18 万亿次的 AI 计算。值得一提的是，苹果 iPhone 13 Pro Max上搭载的 A15 芯片算力为 15.8TOPs。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/da\/4d\/daf0842180879331fec62f009643b64d.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"马里亚纳 X 在 AI 计算单元集成了专用的片上内存子系统，只服务于 AI 计算，最高可提供每秒万亿比特的吞吐量，是目前手机最高内存吞吐量的十倍以上，打破了“内存墙”问题。此外，马里亚纳 X 还配备独立 DDR 带宽，最高可达到 8.5GB 每秒；并在 SoC 的基础上，增加了 17% 的系统总带宽。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，马里亚纳 X 集成了由 OPPO 完全自研的 MariLumi 影像处理单元，支持 20bit 带宽；并支持 20bit 的 Ultra HDR 的超动态范围，是当前最先进通用平台能力的四倍。因此，其亮度比例，能够达到 100 万比 1。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/fb\/a0\/fb077a180349e4fb66f797yye4a1cca0.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OPPO 芯片产品高级总监江波表示，马里亚纳 X 具有四大技术突破：空前强大的 AI 计算能效，行业领先的 Ultra HDR、无损的实时 RAW 计算、以及最大化传感器能力的RGBW Pro。这四大技术突破，共同构成了具有开创意义的影像专用 NPU，使得马里亚纳 X 能在满足领先的性能、完成视频 AI 实时处理的同时，还能兼顾出色的功耗控制、实现极致的能效比。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在芯片产业如此成熟的当下，OPPO 为何选择造芯？陈明永在会上表示，OPPO 造芯出于两点考虑："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一，造芯是基于用户的需要，用户对影像的需求在不断地升级。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二，造芯是 OPPO 战略的必然选择，万物互联时代，科技公司必须通过关键技术解决关键问题，如果没有底层核心技术，就不可能有未来；而没有底层核心技术的旗舰产品，更是空中楼阁。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OPPO 称，马里亚纳 X 是 OPPO 自研芯片的一小步，OPPO 未来会持续投入资源，用几千人的团队，去脚踏实地做自研芯片。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OPPO 造芯，早有计划"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事实上，OPPO 造芯的决心早有迹象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 2019 年 OPPO INNO DAY 上，陈明永就曾说“要有十年磨一剑”的信念，勇于迈入研发“深水区”，构建最为核心的底层硬件技术，并表示未来三年研发总投入将达到 500 亿元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据 36 氪此前报道， OPPO 对标芯片研发的马里亚纳计划早在 2019 年 11 月就已经出现在内部文件，项目由 2019 年 10 月成立的 OPPO 芯片 TMG（技术委员会）保证技术方面的投入，该委员会的负责人陈岩为芯片平台部的部长，此前担任 OPPO 研究院软件研究中心负责人，曾在高通担任技术总监。2020 年 1 月，Realme、一加的技术人员也加入到了芯片 TMG 的专家团。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 2 月，OPPO 的马里亚纳计划进一步为人熟知。当时，OPPO CEO 特别助理发布内部文章《对打造核心技术的一些思考》，文中提出三大计划，涉及软件开发、云，以及硬件（芯片）。文章指出，马里亚纳计划意在表明做硬件最深的能力，而这个最深的能力毋庸讳言就是做芯片的能力，做顶级芯片的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“做芯片，我们实乃不得已而为之。不管是出于 OPPO 自身的差异化需求，出于用户对全场景科技体验的需求，还是出于手机‘软硬服’一体化的需求，即便是像高通、谷歌这么优秀的合作伙伴，都很难在现阶段支持我们的梦想。” OPPO 曾在内部文章中如此解释造芯的原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 5 月，《日经亚洲评论》在一份报道中称，“OPPO 正在加紧设计自己的移动芯片，包括从联发科等供应商处争取顶尖工程人才。”该报道援引知情人士消息称，OPPO 已经从其主要芯片供应商联发科聘请了数名高管，以及从紫光展锐那聘请了多位工程师，目的是在上海建立一支经验丰富的芯片团队。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据《时代财经》日前报道，第一手机研究院院长孙燕飙表示，OPPO 的芯片子公司泽库目前员工人数已经超过 2000 人，这意味着，泽库已经是“国内第二大芯片设计公司”，仅次于华为海思。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"手机厂商齐聚自研芯片赛场"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近年来，在芯片自主化的大背景下，越来越多的手机厂商开始走上自研芯片之路。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“近几年，知名手机品牌在未来展望上都有评估自研芯片的可能性，希望透过自行研发的芯片，提供消费者更贴近品牌诉求的良好体验，并由此稳固消费者的品牌忠诚度，诸如三星手机、华为手机以及苹果手机等。” 集邦咨询分析师黄郁琁曾"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/OATFZfcaq1cETtlh3HDD","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"向 InfoQ 表示"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，自 2019 年年中开始，受中美贸易摩擦的影响，各手机厂商都在加速这一梦想蓝图的实现。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"国内方面，除刚发布自研芯片的 OPPO，华为、小米、vivo 都已在"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/wjmYeU0bfwIxTSJTav0j","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自研芯片赛道"}]},{"type":"text","text":"发力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中，华为的海思麒麟芯片最为受到关注。华为旗下芯片部门海思是中国最大的芯片设计企业，其手机所需芯片基本能实现自给自足。近几年，受美国制裁影响，华为的麒麟高端芯片在生产上遭受打击。去年，余承东曾表示，由于美国制裁，华为的麒麟高端芯片在 2020 年 9 月 15 日之后无法制造，将成为绝唱。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小米的首款自研芯片澎湃 C1 亮相于今年 3 月份。据悉，该芯片是小米首款专业影像芯片，目前已经应用在小米 MIX FOLD 上，预计后面还会有更多手机用上这款芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"vivo 的首款自研芯片 V1 亮相于今年 9 月份。据悉，该芯片是由 vivo主导开发的，服务高速计算成像的专业影像芯片，是一颗全定制的特殊规格集成电路芯片。这款 V1 芯片将在 vivo X70 系列首发搭载。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而在国外，也有包括苹果、谷歌在内的多家公司聚焦在自研芯片赛道上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从 2010 年亮相的 iPhone 4 搭载的 A4 芯片，到去年专为 Mac 打造的 M1 芯片，苹果在自研芯片道路上走得较为长远，性能实力也确实强劲。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年 10 月，谷歌也推出了首款自研芯片 Tensor。谷歌最新推出的 Pixel6 和 Pixel6Pro 手机，搭载的正是 Tensor 芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不过值得一提的是，苹果、谷歌、华为自研的都是 SoC 芯片；小米（澎湃 C1）、vivo（V1）当前自研的是 ISP 芯片；OPPO（马里亚纳 X）自研的则是 NPU 芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"据了解，SoC 芯片需要更长时间、高强度的资金和技术投入，而 ISP、NPU 芯片的技术难度和投入资金相对会低一些。据腾讯新闻《潜望》报道，vivo 执行副总裁、首席运营官胡柏山在接受采访时表示，“SoC 芯片投入大，行业内已有高通、MTK 等投入重资源在做。影像这一块，每个品牌都有自己的方向，而不同的方向需要不同的算法来支撑。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"知乎答主"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/504463939","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"庄明浩"}]},{"type":"text","text":"在分析 OPPO 为何造 NPU 芯片时表示，NPU-AI 芯片是竞争热点，中国厂商的弯道超车机会可能来自于 NPU："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“每一代 CPU 和 GPU 性能提升在放缓，而与之相对应的是 AI 芯片成为新的竞争热点……相较于此前的 CPU\\GPU 领域，中国厂商在 NPU 领域与海外公司起点并没有差太远，这和中国 AI 厂商在过去今年的技术\\算法的发展以及商业落地有关，也与中国有更大的数据量级和应用场景更加相关……提及场景，中国庞大的应用场景和市场也是这一波 NPU 在国内发展迅速的核心原动力之一，而基于场景的生态构建也是NPU能够被大量使用的重要前提……考虑到 OPPO 手机一直以来都主打的影像功能，大概率此次 NPU 主要应用场景应该是影像相关。”"}]}]}