爲了讓終端的顯示更加簡潔,清爽,改掉顯示的用戶名和主機名,改成你喜歡的名字。
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1 前言
爲了讓終端的顯示更加簡潔,清爽,在此記錄一下。心急的讀者可以直接跳到第四節。
快捷鍵 alt+ctrl+t 打開終端,首先它是這樣的,如下圖所示;
大概格式是這樣子的:
用戶名@主機名
hotsauce@hotsauce-tx
現在如何這些花裏胡哨的字符串消失呢?
2 開始動手
首先,在系統啓動bash
終端的時候,會爲用戶讀取一個文件名爲.bashrc
的文件,這個文件保存了用戶一些個性化的設置,包括終端顏色,顯示的用戶名之類的東西;
現在打開.bashrc
文件,具體如下:
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
*i*) ;;
*) return;;
esac
# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend
# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000
# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize
# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar
# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"
# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi
# set a fancy prompt (non-c阿里通olor, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac
# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes
if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
color_prompt=yes
else
color_prompt=
fi
fi
if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt
# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
;;
*)
;;
esac
# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
#alias dir='dir --color=auto'
#alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi
# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'
# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'
# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands. Use like so:
# sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'
# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.
if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
. ~/.bash_aliases
fi
# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
. /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
. /etc/bash_completion
fi
fi
3 PS1變量
這裏暫時不分析這個腳本了,因爲我們要快速解決問題;
直接搜索PS1
找到關鍵代碼如下:
if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt
# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
;;
*)
;;
esac
解釋一下,這裏的
PS1
是一個全局變量,用於顯示用戶主機名稱工作目錄,所以只要修改這個變量即可;
再打開一個終端,輸入以下指令;
echo $PS1
具體輸出如下所示;
這樣我們大概知道具體是腳本里哪句代碼生效了,下面是這些參數的作用,可以看一下,如下表所示;
參數 | 作用 |
---|---|
\d | 代表日期,格式爲weekday month date,例如:“Mon Aug 1” |
\H | 完整的主機名稱 |
\h | 僅取主機的第一個名字,如上例,則爲fc4,.linux則被省略 |
\t | 顯示時間爲24小時格式,如:HH:MM:SS |
\T | 顯示時間爲12小時格式 |
\A | 顯示時間爲24小時格式:HH:MM |
\u | 當前用戶的賬號名稱 |
\v | BASH的版本信息 |
\w | 完整的工作目錄名稱。家目錄會以 ~代替 |
\W | 利用basename取得工作目錄名稱,所以只會列出最後一個目錄 |
# | 下達的第幾個命令 |
$ | 提示字符,如果是root時,提示符爲:# ,普通用戶則爲:$ |
4 解決辦法
4.1 主機名和用戶名消失
打開文件;
sudo vi ~/.bashrc
如果單純只是消失的話,在.bashrc
的最後一行加上
PS1='\[\e]0;#: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]#\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$'
直接刪除\u
和\h
,另外我不喜歡@
,所以這裏加了一個#
。
輸入以下指令讓修改生效;
sudo source ~/.bashrc
再次啓動終端;
4.2 修改顯示的主機名和用戶名
那如果我們沒有那麼殘忍,只是希望修改顯示的主機名和用戶名,又該怎麼做呢?
OK!!!
sudo vi /etc/hostname
這裏將hostname
改成unclemac
,並且需要重啓一下電腦;
然後打開.bashrc
,在文件最後添加下面這行代碼;
PS1='\[\e]0;\h@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\h@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$'
這裏已經將\u
全都替換爲\h
,所以最終會顯示新的主機名@主機名的格式;
打開終端,發現,生效了;
筆者能力和水平有限,文中難免有錯誤和紕漏之處,請大佬們不吝賜教;
創作不易,如果本文幫到了您;
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如果本文幫到了您,請幫忙點個贊 👍👍👍;
如果本文幫到了您,請幫忙點個贊 👍👍👍;