一文教你快速修改ubuntu終端顯示的主機名和用戶名

爲了讓終端的顯示更加簡潔,清爽,改掉顯示的用戶名和主機名,改成你喜歡的名字。
創作不易,如果本文幫到了您;
如果本文幫到了您,請幫忙點個贊 👍👍👍;
如果本文幫到了您,請幫忙點個贊 👍👍👍;
如果本文幫到了您,請幫忙點個贊 👍👍👍;

1 前言

爲了讓終端的顯示更加簡潔,清爽,在此記錄一下。心急的讀者可以直接跳到第四節。

快捷鍵 alt+ctrl+t 打開終端,首先它是這樣的,如下圖所示;
在這裏插入圖片描述
大概格式是這樣子的:
用戶名@主機名
hotsauce@hotsauce-tx

現在如何這些花裏胡哨的字符串消失呢?

2 開始動手

首先,在系統啓動bash終端的時候,會爲用戶讀取一個文件名爲.bashrc的文件,這個文件保存了用戶一些個性化的設置,包括終端顏色,顯示的用戶名之類的東西;
現在打開.bashrc文件,具體如下:

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-c阿里通olor, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
	# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
	# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
	# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
	color_prompt=yes
    else
	color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi

3 PS1變量

這裏暫時不分析這個腳本了,因爲我們要快速解決問題;
直接搜索PS1找到關鍵代碼如下:

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

解釋一下,這裏的PS1是一個全局變量,用於顯示用戶主機名稱工作目錄,所以只要修改這個變量即可;

再打開一個終端,輸入以下指令;

echo $PS1

具體輸出如下所示;
在這裏插入圖片描述
這樣我們大概知道具體是腳本里哪句代碼生效了,下面是這些參數的作用,可以看一下,如下表所示;

參數 作用
\d 代表日期,格式爲weekday month date,例如:“Mon Aug 1”
\H 完整的主機名稱
\h 僅取主機的第一個名字,如上例,則爲fc4,.linux則被省略
\t 顯示時間爲24小時格式,如:HH:MM:SS
\T 顯示時間爲12小時格式
\A 顯示時間爲24小時格式:HH:MM
\u 當前用戶的賬號名稱
\v BASH的版本信息
\w 完整的工作目錄名稱。家目錄會以 ~代替
\W 利用basename取得工作目錄名稱,所以只會列出最後一個目錄
# 下達的第幾個命令
$ 提示字符,如果是root時,提示符爲:# ,普通用戶則爲:$

4 解決辦法

4.1 主機名和用戶名消失

打開文件;

sudo vi ~/.bashrc

如果單純只是消失的話,在.bashrc的最後一行加上

PS1='\[\e]0;#: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]#\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$'

直接刪除\u\h,另外我不喜歡@,所以這裏加了一個#

輸入以下指令讓修改生效;

sudo source ~/.bashrc

再次啓動終端;

在這裏插入圖片描述

4.2 修改顯示的主機名和用戶名

那如果我們沒有那麼殘忍,只是希望修改顯示的主機名和用戶名,又該怎麼做呢?
OK!!!

sudo vi /etc/hostname

這裏將hostname改成unclemac,並且需要重啓一下電腦;

然後打開.bashrc,在文件最後添加下面這行代碼;

PS1='\[\e]0;\h@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\h@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$'

這裏已經將\u全都替換爲\h,所以最終會顯示新的主機名@主機名的格式;
打開終端,發現,生效了;
在這裏插入圖片描述

筆者能力和水平有限,文中難免有錯誤和紕漏之處,請大佬們不吝賜教;
創作不易,如果本文幫到了您;
如果本文幫到了您,請幫忙點個贊 👍👍👍;
如果本文幫到了您,請幫忙點個贊 👍👍👍;
如果本文幫到了您,請幫忙點個贊 👍👍👍;

發表評論
所有評論
還沒有人評論,想成為第一個評論的人麼? 請在上方評論欄輸入並且點擊發布.
相關文章