一文教你快速修改ubuntu终端显示的主机名和用户名

为了让终端的显示更加简洁,清爽,改掉显示的用户名和主机名,改成你喜欢的名字。
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1 前言

为了让终端的显示更加简洁,清爽,在此记录一下。心急的读者可以直接跳到第四节。

快捷键 alt+ctrl+t 打开终端,首先它是这样的,如下图所示;
在这里插入图片描述
大概格式是这样子的:
用户名@主机名
hotsauce@hotsauce-tx

现在如何这些花里胡哨的字符串消失呢?

2 开始动手

首先,在系统启动bash终端的时候,会为用户读取一个文件名为.bashrc的文件,这个文件保存了用户一些个性化的设置,包括终端颜色,显示的用户名之类的东西;
现在打开.bashrc文件,具体如下:

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-c阿里通olor, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
	# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
	# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
	# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
	color_prompt=yes
    else
	color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi

3 PS1变量

这里暂时不分析这个脚本了,因为我们要快速解决问题;
直接搜索PS1找到关键代码如下:

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

解释一下,这里的PS1是一个全局变量,用于显示用户主机名称工作目录,所以只要修改这个变量即可;

再打开一个终端,输入以下指令;

echo $PS1

具体输出如下所示;
在这里插入图片描述
这样我们大概知道具体是脚本里哪句代码生效了,下面是这些参数的作用,可以看一下,如下表所示;

参数 作用
\d 代表日期,格式为weekday month date,例如:“Mon Aug 1”
\H 完整的主机名称
\h 仅取主机的第一个名字,如上例,则为fc4,.linux则被省略
\t 显示时间为24小时格式,如:HH:MM:SS
\T 显示时间为12小时格式
\A 显示时间为24小时格式:HH:MM
\u 当前用户的账号名称
\v BASH的版本信息
\w 完整的工作目录名称。家目录会以 ~代替
\W 利用basename取得工作目录名称,所以只会列出最后一个目录
# 下达的第几个命令
$ 提示字符,如果是root时,提示符为:# ,普通用户则为:$

4 解决办法

4.1 主机名和用户名消失

打开文件;

sudo vi ~/.bashrc

如果单纯只是消失的话,在.bashrc的最后一行加上

PS1='\[\e]0;#: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]#\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$'

直接删除\u\h,另外我不喜欢@,所以这里加了一个#

输入以下指令让修改生效;

sudo source ~/.bashrc

再次启动终端;

在这里插入图片描述

4.2 修改显示的主机名和用户名

那如果我们没有那么残忍,只是希望修改显示的主机名和用户名,又该怎么做呢?
OK!!!

sudo vi /etc/hostname

这里将hostname改成unclemac,并且需要重启一下电脑;

然后打开.bashrc,在文件最后添加下面这行代码;

PS1='\[\e]0;\h@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\h@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$'

这里已经将\u全都替换为\h,所以最终会显示新的主机名@主机名的格式;
打开终端,发现,生效了;
在这里插入图片描述

笔者能力和水平有限,文中难免有错误和纰漏之处,请大佬们不吝赐教;
创作不易,如果本文帮到了您;
如果本文帮到了您,请帮忙点个赞 👍👍👍;
如果本文帮到了您,请帮忙点个赞 👍👍👍;
如果本文帮到了您,请帮忙点个赞 👍👍👍;

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